Treatment studies
tested FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, C‑ACT score
result L‑carnitine group showed significant improvement in FEV1 (P=0.035), FEV1/FVC (P=0.042) and C‑ACT (P=0.016) versus placebo
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
RCTNCT00001082Phase 3 · 1996 · n=505 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
tested Morbidity
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00034450Phase 2 · 2002 · n=140 · National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) Neoplasms
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00079599Phase 2 · 2002 · n=44 · National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
tested Level of fatigue, measured by the fatigue sub-scale of the FAHI
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00225160Phase 2 · 2003 · n=50 · Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
tested The change from baseline in total area of Protein Gene Product (PGP) immunostaining on the epidermis at 48 weeks
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT00227266Phase 2 · 2005 · n=94 · University of Utah Spinal Muscular Atrophy
tested Safety Labs
result −3.4 Score (Modified Hammersmith Change From Baseline to 6 Mon…)
RCTNCT00247975Phase 2 · 2006 · n=36 · Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation Heart Failure
tested To compare the effects of L-carnitine therapy versus placebo on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) as a marker of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Insufficient recruitment
RCTNCT00322322Phase 3 · 2006 · n=110 · Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Complication of Hemodialysis
tested Resistance index to erythropoietin
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00399919Phase 3 · 2006 · n=69 · Sigma-Tau Research, Inc. Peripheral Vascular Diseases
tested Peak walking time
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00592488Phase 1 · 2006 · n=13 · Vanderbilt University Septic Shock
tested Mean Arterial Blood Pressure
Small sample; effect at the edge of clinical significance.
Bipolar Depression
tested The 25-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
result +1.2 units on a scale (The 25-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.)
Prostate Cancer
tested Overall incidence of peripheral neuropathy (any grade) during at most 6 cycles of Sagopilone treatment, based on the Adverse Events.
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00754767Phase 4 · 2007 · n=2 · HealthPartners Institute Breast Cancer
tested Vibratory Threshold as Assessed by the Rydel-Seiffer Quantitative Tuning Fork
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: unable to accrue study participants
End Stage Renal Disease
tested To assess the efficacy of L-Carnitine containing PD solution on insulin sensitivity evaluated by measuring insulin requirement
result Withdrawn before enrolment
Withdrawn before enrolment; no public reason provided.
RCTNCT00755456Phase 2 · 2008 · n=35 · Iperboreal Pharma Srl End Stage Renal Disease
tested To assess the efficacy of L-Carnitine containing PD solution on insulin sensitivity evaluated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00809042Phase 2 · 2007 · n=120 · Shiraz University of Medical Sciences β-Thalassemia Intermedia
tested Hematologic Parameters
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00809497Phase 3 · 2008 · n=239 · Lee's Pharmaceutical Limited Peripheral Arterial Disease
tested To compare the difference between pre-and post-the treatment of each group
result Completed; results not posted
Complication of Prematurity
tested Plasma Gamma Glutamyl Transferase level
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT00984750Phase 3 · 2008 · n=229 · Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research Diabetes Type 2
tested Arterial blood pressure and dyslipidemia
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01026857Phase 2 · 2006 · n=121 · sigma-tau i.f.r. S.p.A. Ulcerative Colitis
tested Disease Activity Index score
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01054768Phase 2 · 2009 · n=37 · UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Anemia, Sickle Cell
tested C-Reactive Protein
result +4.6 mg/l (C-Reactive Protein)
RCTNCT01099072Phase 2 · 2010 · n=40 · Tehran University of Medical Sciences Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
tested The principal measure of outcome will be the Parent and Teacher ADHD Rating Scale-IV
result In progress (unknown)
Atrial Fibrillation
tested Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
result ±0.0 participants (Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation)
RCTNCT01149525Phase 3 · 2010 · n=59 · University Hospital, Bordeaux Multiple Sclerosis
tested Global score on the 21 item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS, translated and validated in French).
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01193777Phase 1 · 2010 · n=31 · Wake Forest University Health Sciences Septic Shock
tested Reduction in organ failure
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Study stopped to open expanded phase II study
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
result Completed; results not posted
Cirrhosis
tested Sleep latency during Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT)
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01232907Phase 2 · 2010 · n=2 · University of British Columbia Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
tested Fatigue Severity Scores (FSS) will be completed by subjects biweekly
result Completed; results not posted
Small sample; effect at the edge of clinical significance.
RCTNCT01278693Phase 2 · 2009 · n=54 · Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Complication of Hemodialysis
tested lipid profile
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01379976Phase 3 · 2011 · n=107 · Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
tested Toxicity Free Survival
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Recruitment was prematurely stopped due to difficulty of recruitment encountered by the experimental centers
RCTNCT015231062013 · University of California, San Francisco Crohn's Disease
tested Change in fatigue severity scale
result Withdrawn before enrolment
Withdrawn before enrolment; no public reason provided.
RCTNCT01524861Phase 4 · 2011 · n=90 · University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Apical Ballooning Syndrome
tested Change from Baseline in Adrenergic cardiac innervation at 6 and 12 months
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01526564Phase 3 · 2008 · n=239 · Lee's Pharmaceutical Limited Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
tested Changes in peripheral sensory neuropathy grades
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01538251Phase 3 · 2012 · n=147 · sigma-tau i.f.r. S.p.A. Ulcerative Colitis
tested Proportion of clinical/endoscopic remissions
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Evidence of very low probability to success. No safety issues.
Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome
tested Changes in Muscle Weakness
result Withdrawn before enrolment
Withdrawn: Study was not approved by Health Surveillance Agency
Contrast Media Induced Nephropathy
tested Kidney functioning biomarker
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT015660062012 · n=80 · The Nazareth Hospital, Israel Diabetic Nephropathy
tested proteinuria
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT01567956Phase 3 · 2012 · n=150 · sigma-tau i.f.r. S.p.A. Ulcerative Colitis
tested Proportion of clinical/endoscopic remissions
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Evidence of very low probability to success. No safety issues
RCTNCT01580553Phase 2 · 2011 · n=268 · Lee's Pharmaceutical Limited Heart Failure,
tested NYHA cardiac functional grading
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01617772Phase 2 · 2016 · n=440 · Tehran University of Medical Sciences Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
tested improvement in liver stiffness
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT01665092Phase 2 · 2013 · n=250 · University of Mississippi Medical Center Septic Shock
tested Delta SOFA Score
result +1.5 units on a scale (Delta SOFA Score)
RCTNCT01671384Phase 3 · 2013 · n=60 · All India Institute of Medical Sciences Spinal Muscular Atrophy
tested Change in muscle power on a 5 point scale as per the principles of manual muscle testing at 12, 24, 36 and 52 weeks
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT01695317Phase 4 · 2013 · n=72 · Norwegian University of Science and Technology Migraine
tested Headache Days
result −0.1 Headache days per 4 weeks (Headache Days)
RCTNCT01731236Early Phase 1 · 2011 · n=100 · The Cleveland Clinic Dietary Modification
tested Primary Outcome Measure
result In progress (active-not-recruiting)
RCTNCT01769157Phase 4 · 2012 · n=60 · Korea University Anam Hospital Hypothyroidism
tested Fatigue Severity scale
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT01783041Phase 2 · 2013 · n=144 · Montefiore Medical Center Prematurity
tested Time to Regain Birthweight in Infants Who Receive L-carnitine Supplementation Compared to Controls
result +0.3 days (Time to Regain Birthweight in Infants Who Receive …)
RCTNCT01786824Phase 3 · 2014 · n=9 · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nīmes Acute Kidney Injury
tested Change in glomerular filtration rate
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Patient pathway has become infeasible due to pressure for shorter hospital stays. Not enough inclusions.
RCTNCT01909557Phase 3 · 2010 · n=62 · University of Catania Quality of Life
tested Work performances
result Completed; results not posted
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in Workers With Chronic C Hepatitis
tested Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in workers with chronic hepatitis C
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT02007889Phase 3 · 2013 · n=78 · Shahid Beheshti University Acute Pyelonephritis(APN)
tested Development of renal scar by doing DMSA renal scan
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT02141035Phase 2 · 2015 · n=20 · University of Alberta Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
tested Change in motor unit number estimates
result Completed; results not posted
Small sample; effect at the edge of clinical significance.
RCTNCT02173132Phase 3 · 2010 · n=94 · University of Catania Work Stress
tested work stress
result Completed; results not posted
Disorder of Fatty Acid Metabolism
tested changes in BMIPP summed scores of the SPECT imaging
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT02664753Phase 3 · 2018 · n=254 · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nīmes Severe Sepsis
tested Mortality
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Exposure to serious adverse events related to the research (i.e., death), the mnts = 54% versus 58 deaths out of 121 patients = 48%).onitoring committee unanimously recommended discontinuation of the trial.
RCTNCT02955706Phase 4 · 2016 · n=265 · Dong-A ST Co., Ltd. Alzheimer Disease
tested ADAS-cog
result Completed; results not posted
Ammonia Metabolism
tested postoperative ammonia levels
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT03108963Phase 2 · 2017 · n=280 · Zagazig University PCOS
tested pregnancy rate
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT03164421Phase 2 · 2017 · n=164 · Zagazig University PCOS
tested pregnancy rate
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT03180424Phase 2 · 2017 · n=60 · Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela Carnitine; Muscle
tested Changes in elderly's function
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT033727722017 · n=90 · Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Patient Compliance
tested Fatigue score
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT03426722Phase 3 · 2018 · n=4 · Asan Medical Center Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)
tested Proportion of patients who have occurrence of muscle cramps ( numeric rating scale score > 4)
result Completed; results not posted
Small sample; effect at the edge of clinical significance.
RCTNCT03436277Phase 2 · 2018 · n=24 · University of Guadalajara Body Weight Changes
tested Body Fat
result In progress (unknown)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
tested Ovulation success by trans-vaginal ultrasound
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT03604016Phase 4 · 2018 · n=76 · IlDong Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Hepatitis B
tested The rate of subjects who showed HBV DNA undetected (less than 116 copies/mL (20 IU/mL)) at the 48 week
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT03630341Phase 4 · 2016 · n=150 · Assiut University Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
tested clinical pregnancy rate
result Completed; results not posted
Premature Birth
tested the mean difference in the Apgar score after birth
result Withdrawn before enrolment
Withdrawn: Unavailability of the medication
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
tested The cardiac changes induced by Simvastatin, captopril and L-Carnitine in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents.
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT03696940Phase 3 · 2018 · n=120 · Laboratorios Grossman, S.A. Dyslipidemias
tested Efficacy of experimental treatment by the change in Cholesterol LDL
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT03953248Early Phase 1 · 2016 · n=50 · Heba Allah Ali Abd El-Halim Mabrouk Toxicity
tested Mortality
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT03953703Phase 2 · 2021 · n=15 · Vanderbilt University Medical Center Sjogren's Syndrome
tested Mean change in tear inflammatory cytokine milieu
result Completed; results not posted
Small sample; effect at the edge of clinical significance.
RCTNCT03994874Phase 1 · 2025 · n=84 · Iperboreal Pharma Srl Congestive Heart Failure
tested Composite end-point of mortality and worsening patient's condition
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT04001036Phase 2 · 2019 · n=11 · Iperboreal Pharma Srl End Stage Renal Disease
tested Daily ultrafiltration volume
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: prematurely interrupted due to significant difficulties in the completion of the sample size defined by the study protocol
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
tested Net-ultrafiltration
result Withdrawn before enrolment
Withdrawn: The study never started
RCTNCT04113889Phase 2 · 2019 · n=147 · Khyber Medical University Peshawar PCOS
tested Insulin resistance
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT04145245Phase 2 · 2018 · n=104 · Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Patient Compliance
tested VAS score
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT04346862Phase 4 · 2016 · n=636 · Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company Limited Cognitive function in aging
tested Interference score using K-CWST(Korean-Color Word Stroop Test)
result In progress (unknown)
Breast Cancer
tested The use of l-carnitine may be of use in extending the continuous use of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy
result Completed; results not posted
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
tested Occyte maturity rate
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT04913805Phase 2 · 2021 · n=53 · University of Pennsylvania Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
tested Submaximal Exercise Endurance
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT050836372021 · n=98 · International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh Malnutrition
tested Rate of weight gain
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT05322447Phase 4 · 2022 · n=60 · Ain Shams University Respiratory Failure
tested Ultrasound diaphragmatic function
result Completed; results not posted
Beta Thalassemia With Increased Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity
tested Cardiopulmonary functions
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT05601479Phase 2 · 2022 · n=100 · Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Acetylcarnitine
tested Incidence rate of OIPN
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT05616000Phase 2 · 2022 · n=86 · Khyber Medical University Peshawar Infertility
tested change in semen analysis before& after the administration of antioxidants& folic acid.
result Completed; results not posted
Moderate Persistent Asthma
tested Pulmonary function test (PFT)
result In progress (unknown)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
tested The change in DAS-28-CRP score
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT05905692Phase 3 · 2023 · n=50 · Ain Shams University Intradialytic Hypotension
tested The number of events of intradialytic hypotension
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT05948124Early Phase 1 · 2023 · n=40 · Ain Shams University Carnitine Deficiency Due to Hemodialysis
tested change in serum free carnitine level
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT06126315Phase 2 · 2025 · n=246 · Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
tested self-sufficient
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT06198803Early Phase 1 · 2022 · n=52 · Ain Shams University l Carnitine With Ketogenic Diet
tested The Effect of Carnitine Supplementation on systolic and diastolic functions in Patients With Drug Resistant Epilepsy on Ketogenic Diet
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT06342856Early Phase 1 · 2023 · n=120 · Ain Shams University Infertility Unexplained
tested Changes in Semen analysis parameters compared to baseline
result In progress (unknown)
RCTNCT06564909Phase 2 · 2025 · n=76 · Ain Shams University Reperfusion Injury, Myocardial
tested Evaluation of the marker nitrotyrosine
result In progress (active-not-recruiting)
RCTNCT06753565Phase 2 · 2024 · n=60 · German University in Cairo Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
tested change in DAS28 ESR for both arms
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT06901323Phase 4 · 2025 · n=176 · Mansoura University Phenylketonuria
tested improve brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels
result In progress (active-not-recruiting)
RCTNCT06960694Phase 2 · 2025 · n=66 · Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Knee Osteoarthritis
tested Pain, stiffness and physical function
result Completed; results not posted
Teratozoospermia
tested Number of participants with Treatment of Teratozoospermia
result In progress (recruiting)
Nephrotoxicity
tested change in serum creatinine and creatinine clearance
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT07160452Phase 4 · 2025 · n=94 · Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore Anemia
tested Weekly ESA dose at Month 6 (units/week)
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT07216001Phase 2 · 2026 · n=34 · Claudia R. Morris Childhood Apraxia of Speech
tested Percent of Participants Retained in Study
result In progress (recruiting)
End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
tested hs-CRP levels (high sensitivity C-reactive protein)
result Completed; results not posted
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
tested Mortality
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT07642076Phase 4 · 2026 · n=58 · Beni-Suef University Hepatic
tested laboratory value: serum creatinine(SCr)
result In progress (recruiting)
RCTNCT076600812025 · n=100 · Khyber Medical University Peshawar Osteoarthritis
tested Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentration
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT07669402Phase 2 · 2023 · n=90 · Tehran University of Medical Sciences Idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia
tested Sperm concentration (×10⁶/mL) after 3 months of treatment
result Completed; results not posted
RCTNCT07768228Phase 2 · 2026 · n=50 · Ain Shams University Diabetic Foot Ulcer
tested Change in Diabetic Foot Ulcer area
result In progress (recruiting)
Treatment studies
tested plasma lipid levels (triglycerides, HDL‑cholesterol, other lipoproteins)
result Total carnitine levels rose eightfold in L‑carnitine recipients, but plasma triglycerides, HDL‑cholesterol and other lipoprotein parameters did not change.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), short‑axis shortening (FS), left atrium and left ventricle diameters
result EF and FS increased (p<0.05); LA and LV diameters reduced (p<0.05); EF increase more significant in the levocarnitine group (p<0.05).
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested total effective rate, clinical symptoms, H‑FABP, CK‑MB, cTnI, TNF‑α, IL‑18, IL‑35
result Observation group showed significantly higher total effective rate (p<0.05) and greater reductions in H‑FABP, CK‑MB, cTnI, TNF‑α, IL‑18 and increase in IL‑35 versus control (p<0.05).
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested OSDI, tear film breakup time, ocular staining
result Both groups showed significant OSDI improvement at day 90; OM3 showed greater reduction in combined ocular staining (P<0.05) and lower treatment‑related AEs (6.7% vs 9.8%).
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested sperm motility (progressive sperm)
result Progressive sperm increased after 8 and 12 weeks (P<0.05) in both the L‑carnitine and QZD groups; no side effects reported.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested progressive (motility) sperm rate (%)
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested vascular calcification, inflammation markers, hepcidin, nutritional status (MQSGA, Hb, RBC)
result Joint group showed reduced vascular calcification (P<0.05), lower PTH and β2‑MG (P<0.05), decreased IL‑6, CRP, TNF‑α, hepcidin (P<0.05), lower MQSGA scores and higher Hb and RBC (P<0.05) versus low‑flux and high‑flux groups.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and secondary sperm parameters (concentration, motility, survival rate, TCM syndrome score)
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested B-type natriuretic peptide and creatine kinase levels
result BNP change median 0.80 (0.00‑4.00) in EL group vs 1.80 (0.40‑3.60) in control (p=0.02); CK also significantly reduced.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested sperm motility, sperm DNA fragmentation index, seminal plasma NO, ROS, SOD, and TCM syndrome scores
result Total effectiveness 73.74% in levocarnitine group vs 86.04% with HJSD (P<0.01); sperm motility, DFI, NO, ROS, SOD improved less (P<0.05)
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested pharmacokinetic parameters (elimination rate constant, volume of distribution)
result A two‑compartment model with fixed Vd of 17.1 L described the data; eGFR (CKD‑EPI with cystatin C) was the best covariate for elimination rate constant, improving model fit.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested hemoglobin and serum iron profile
result IV levocarnitine increased hemoglobin by 0.57 g/dL (p=0.001) vs oral increase of 0.07 g/dL (p=0.22); iron parameters improved in both, greater with IV.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested blood clotting parameters (APTT, fibrinogen, INR, PT) and incidence of coagulopathy
result L‑carnitine reduced coagulopathy; fibrinogen rose to 3.8 g/L by day 5 (P=0.05) and PT improved to 12.3 s by day 5 (P=0.05).
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested clinical efficacy, nutritional status, calcium/phosphorus metabolism, renal function, median survival
result In 90 patients (45 per arm), L‑carnitine+iron sucrose improved clinical efficacy and nutritional/renal parameters (P<0.05) and prolonged median survival (P<0.05) vs L‑carnitine alone.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested clinical outcomes including morning stiffness, VAS pain, tender joint count, CRP, DAS28, and MHAQ
result After 12 weeks, the L‑carnitine group showed significant improvement in morning stiffness, VAS, TJC, CRP, DAS28, and MHAQ versus baseline.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Diagnostic & mechanistic studies
tested plasma and urinary TMAO, TMA, choline, and carnitine levels
result MetS subjects showed a non‑significant trend toward 30‑50% higher urinary TMAO excretion and higher plasma incremental AUCs for TMA, TMAO, choline and carnitine versus non‑MetS subjects.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested liver function (AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, indirect bilirubin)
result AST levels were significantly lower by day 7 in the l‑carnitine group; indirect bilirubin also lower by day 7, indicating faster liver recovery.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested Average Daily Pain Score change
result LSM ADPS change: -4.0 (95% CI -4.405 to -3.620) vs -2.1 (95% CI -2.505 to -1.706), P<0.0001.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
OpenNCT00000885Phase 2 · n=440 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
OpenNCT00000892n=300 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
OpenNCT00000912Phase 2 · n=475 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
OpenNCT00001087Phase 2 · n=300 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result In progress (unknown)
OpenNCT00002220Phase 3 · n=120 · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
OpenNCT00050271n=27 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT00173706Phase 4 · 2004 · n=40 · National Taiwan University Hospital Cardiac Complications
tested weakness
result In progress (unknown)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT00202228Phase 4 · 2002 · n=30 · Queen's University HIV-associated lipodystrophy — visceral fat reduction
tested Changes in lactate clearance pre and post supplementation
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
ObseNCT003512342004 · n=200 · Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City Diabetes Mellitus, Type I
tested To see if there is a correlation between carnitine levels and number of hypoglycemic events.
result Completed; results not posted
OpenNCT00393770Phase 2 · 2004 · n=43 · Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
tested Insulin sensitivity
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT00661453Phase 1 · 2008 · n=40 · University of Utah Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type I
tested Laboratory Safety Data
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT00851838Phase 2 · 2009 · n=5 · Iperboreal Pharma Srl End-Stage Renal Disease
tested To assess the efficacy of L-Carnitine containing PD solution on peritoneal ultrafiltration
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT00922701Phase 2 · 2004 · n=4 · Iperboreal Pharma Srl End-Stage Renal Disease
tested Long Dwell Ultrafiltration
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
Hepatic Encephalopathy (Grade 3 of the West Haven Grading Scale)
result Completed; results not posted
OpenNCT01537549Phase 1 · 2010 · n=11 · Weill Medical College of Cornell University Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
tested Adverse Events
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT01665547Phase 4 · 2012 · n=157 · Woman's Health University Hospital, Egypt Treatment Resistant Disorders
tested ovulation induction
result In progress (unknown)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT01825369Phase 1 · 2014 · University of California, San Francisco Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
tested Blood carnitine level (free, total, and acylcarnitine)
result Withdrawn before enrolment
Withdrawn: Changes to cardiac surgery program
OpenNCT01904396Phase 4 · 2013 · n=30 · University Health Network, Toronto Carnitine Deficiency
tested Serum Carnitine Concentration
result In progress (unknown)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT019218682013 · n=20 · University of South Florida Friedreich's Ataxia
tested To observe the changes in cardiac functioning in patients with Friedreich's Ataxia between study endpoint and baseline.
result In progress (unknown)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT02598622Phase 2 · 2009 · n=8 · Indiana University Vincristine Induced Neuropathy
tested Grade of Neurotoxicity Will be Captured by an Adaptation of the Total Peripheral Neuropathy Score.
result Terminated before completion
Terminated: Drug availability
OpenNCT02786043Phase 1 · 2015 · n=12 · Lee's Pharmaceutical Limited Peripheral Arterial Diseases
tested Area Under Curve (AUC)
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT02786069Phase 1 · 2015 · n=16 · Lee's Pharmaceutical Limited Peripheral Arterial Disease
tested Area Under Curve (AUC)
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT03014882Phase 1 · 2015 · n=30 · Ain Shams University Endocrine Disease
tested DNA fragmentation index
result In progress (unknown)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT032308122018 · n=32 · Maastricht University Medical Center Glucose Intolerance
tested Insulin sensitivity
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT05081349Phase 4 · 2017 · n=91 · Assiut University Sickle Cell Disease
tested Hematological(HR)
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT05355311Phase 1 · 2024 · n=24 · Brown University Alcohol Use Disorder
tested Alcohol Craving (derived from the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire; 0 to 20; higher scores = greater urge to drink)
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT05501899Early Phase 1 · 2023 · n=20 · Children's Hospital of Orange County Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
tested Primary Outcome #1
result In progress (unknown)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT05673239Phase 4 · 2023 · n=1008 · The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Renal Dialysis
tested Change from baseline in Left ventricular ejection fraction
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT05817799Phase 2 · 2023 · n=83 · Bahria University Hemodialysis Complication
tested L-Carnitine levels in hemodialysis
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
tested Changes of ALS-FRS-R scores
result Completed; results not posted
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT07201714Early Phase 1 · 2025 · n=20 · London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's Heart Failure
tested Recruitment Rate
result In progress (recruiting)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT07402759Phase 3 · 2026 · n=50 · South Valley University Oligoasthenozoospermia
tested Change in total motile sperm count (TMSC) from baseline to 3 months
result In progress (active-not-recruiting)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
OpenNCT07567274Phase 2 · 2026 · n=20 · Leading Edge Clinic Tinnitus
tested Proportion of participants with at least 50% reduction in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score
result In progress (recruiting)
Non-randomised; effect size cannot be separated from placebo.
Treatment studies
tested general fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory)
result LC supplementation reduced general fatigue in all 11 patients
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) score
result For 6 of 7 (85.7%) patients receiving levocarnitine, the BFI score at 4 weeks decreased compared to 2 weeks, indicating improvement of fatigue.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Diagnostic & mechanistic studies
tested FFA, triglycerides, lactic acid after exercise, evoked muscular potential
result Significant changes in FFA, triglycerides, lactic acid after exercise, and evoked muscular potential were observed 90–120 min after 1 g IV l‑carnitine versus placebo.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested LV diastolic and systolic function
result Levocarnitine 1,000 mg IV after each dialysis session for 12 months improved LV ejection fraction and diastolic parameters in 88 HD patients.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested change in ammonia level within 48 h
result At 48 h, ammonia reduction was 11 µmol/L with levocarnitine vs 20 µmol/L with lactulose vs 23 µmol/L with combination (p=0.605).
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested fatigue (FFSS and SF-8)
result FFSS and SF-8 scores significantly improved (p<0.01); serum carnitine increased and thioredoxin decreased (p<0.05)
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested change in knee extensor strength (KES)
result KES change +0.02 (0.01‑0.04) kgf/kg with levocarnitine vs –0.02 (‑0.04 to 0.01) kgf/kg without (p=0.01)
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested improved tremors, fatigue, and physical therapy activities with sustained follow‑up benefit
result Marked improvement in tremors, fatigue, and physical therapy activities; sustained symptom improvement on follow‑up.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested resolution of encephalopathy and normalization of ammonia levels
result Levocarnitine supplementation led to durable resolution of symptoms and normalization of ammonia (518 µmol/L) in the patient.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested adverse drug reactions (nausea, vomiting)
result Increasing the interval between NM and levocarnitine to 15–25 min reduced nausea and vomiting in all 4 patients.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested Indication: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Treatment studies
tested survival with decannulation from VA-ECMO and normal neurological function
result Levocarnitine was administered; infant was decannulated from VA-ECMO on day 4 and discharged with normal neurological function.
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Diagnostic & mechanistic studies
tested plasma TMAO area under the curve (AUC)
result Placebo/pomegranate ratio 0.993 (95% CI 0.81‑1.22); P=0.945; n=16, indicating no reduction in TMAO AUC
Published human study (PubMed / Europe PMC), extracted from its abstract — not a CT.gov-registered trial.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Carnitine deficiency alters fuel metabolism and voluntary wheel running in mice
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Cardiomegaly in the juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mouse is reduced with acute elevation of heart short-chain acyl-carnitine level after L-carnitine injection. (PMID 10025944 · DOI 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01732-3)
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested rat · Effect of levocarnitine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats via activating Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Correction: Pre-incubation with levocarnitine alleviates vitrification and thawing damage in mouse oocytes.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Levocarnitine improves cardiac energy metabolic remodeling in myocarditis mice.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested rat · Evaluating the Antioxidant Potential of Coumestrol in the Treatment of Tripterygium Glycoside-Induced Oligospermia in Rats and Its Potential Mechanisms.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested rat · L-carnitine ameliorates decidualization in high-fat diet-induced obese rats and human endometrial stromal cells treated with palmitic acid.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Carnitine deficiency alters fuel metabolism and voluntary wheel running in mice.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested rat · L-Carnitine Improves Visceral Hypersensitivity and Colonic Hyperpermeability in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Ferulic acid and not ascorbic acid reversed cardiac energy metabolism disruption in acute aluminum chloride exposed mice via PPARα/AMPK pathway.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin E and L-Carnitine on Hippocampal Histology, Epigenetics, and Cognition in Morphine-Exposed Mice.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested mouse · Blocking L-carnitine synthesis by meldonium prolongs the survival in mice with pancreatic cancer.
result Preclinical publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; effect details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested Levocarnitine Supplementation Suppresses Lenvatinib-Related Sarcopenia in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: Results of a Propensity Score Analysis.
result In-vitro publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; assay details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested Nanostructured lipid carriers for L-carnitine delivery: physicochemical characterization and effects on asthenozoospermic sperm function in vitro.
result In-vitro publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; assay details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested Punicalagin is the key pomegranate polyphenol inhibiting gut microbial trimethylamine (TMA) production from L-carnitine in an <i>in vitro</i> human colon model.
result In-vitro publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; assay details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested RETRACTED: Uner et al. Assessing the In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of L-Carnitine-Loaded Nanoparticles in Combating Obesity. <i>Molecules</i> 2023, <i>28</i>, 7115.
result In-vitro publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; assay details require paper-level extraction.
Preclinical / mechanistic research
tested Acetyl L-Carnitine Nanoparticles Modulate Neuronal and Inflammatory Responses in In Vitro Cell Model.
result In-vitro publication captured from PubMed/Europe PMC; assay details require paper-level extraction.